[Recommendations for thromboembolic disease in oncological processes. A view from primary care]. / Recomendaciones sobre enfermedad tromboembólica venosa en procesos oncológicos. Una visión desde la medicina de familia.

Venous thromboembolic disease (VTE) is a frequent complication in patients diagnosed with cancer and a cause of morbidity and mortality. Approximately 20% of thromboembolic episodes develop in association with active cancer. On the other hand, it is estimated that about 2-12% of cases, the thromboembolic episode is the first manifestation of an occult cancer, diagnosed at that time or subsequently, which offers an opportunity for early diagnosis and treatment. There are multiple factors that contribute to increase the risk of VTE in oncological patients in relation to specific characteristics of the patient, the tumor and the treatments. Knowledge of these risk factors will contribute to early diagnosis when signs of VTE appear, as well as the assessment of thromboprophylaxis if indicated. The diagnosis of VTE in patients with cancer does not differ of those who do not suffer from it. Regarding the treatment of VTE in these patients, low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), direct acting anticoagulants (DACs) and antivitamin K (VKA) are the most commonly used, although the dosing regimen and length are not clear yet. The management of these patients should be interdisciplinary and early, so the primary care physician plays a key role in this process as he/she is liaise with his/her patients. It is also necessary to update knowledge in order to improve the care of these patients. For these reasons, this document has been prepared by the Working Group on Vasculopathies of the Spanish Society of Primary Care Physicians (SEMERGEN) whose objective is to present the available information regarding the management of VTE that may appear in oncological patients, as well as the assessment of thromboprophylaxis and treatment, if appropriate, from an approach focused on a primary care field.

Impacto de la formación en pacientes con diabetes y/o hipertensión para la prevención de la enfermedad renal y cardiovascular en el ámbito de Atención Primaria / Impact of training in patients with diabetes and/or hypertension for the prevention of renal and cardiovascular disease in primary care

Introducción: La prevalencia de la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) ha aumentado a nivel global (8-16%), debido principalmente a la incidencia de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) y de hipertensión arterial (HTA). La educación o formación de los pacientes con enfermedades crónicas se considera una herramienta fundamental para prevenir el empeoramiento de estas. Objetivos: 1) Determinar si la asistencia a la formación de pacientes con hipertensión y/o diabetes, influye en la progresión o el desarrollo del deterioro de la función renal. 2) Valorar la asociación de la función renal con HTA, DM2 y la aparición de eventos cardiovasculares, analizando la influencia del grado de control de la presión arterial (PA) y la hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c). 3) Estudiar la aparición de eventos cardiovasculares. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional analítico de cohortes retrospectivo llevado a cabo en un Centro de Salud de Leganés, Madrid, utilizando bases de datos de pacientes con hipertensión, diabetes y ambas patologías a la vez (n = 200), asistentes o no a la formación del equipo médico durante los años 2017 a 2019. Resultados: Recibieron formación 120 de 200 pacientes (67,5% mujeres). Sólo en estos se observó una mejoría de la función renal acompañada de una reducción de las cifras de presión arterial (PA) y HbA1c, donde se apreció un mejor control y seguimiento de la enfermedad, siendo más destacada en pacientes con una sola patología, especialmente aquellos con hipertensión. Conclusiones: La formación de los pacientes resultó beneficiosa para prevenir el deterioro de la función renal, mediante la reducción de las cifras de PA y HbA1c, y fue más evidente en aquellos que partieron de un peor control de ambas. Se demostró la asociación de la evolución de la función renal con HTA y DM2 (AU)

Introduction: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease has increased globally (8–16%), mainly due to the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and hypertension (HT). Education or training programs for patients with chronic diseases is considered a fundamental tool to prevent their worsening. Objectives: (1) To determine whether attendance at training for patients with HT and/or diabetes affects the progression of the deterioration of renal function. (2) To assess the association of renal function with HT, DM2 and the occurrence of cardiovascular events, analyzing the influence of the control degree of blood pressure (BP) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). (3) To study the occurrence of cardiovascular events. Material and methods: Retrospective analytical observational cohort study carried out in a Primary Care Center in Leganés, Madrid, using databases of patients with HT, diabetes and both pathologies simultaneously (n = 200), attending or not to the training of the medical team during the years 2017–2019. Results: 120 of 200 patients received training (60% women). Only in these patients, an improvement of renal function was observed. This was accompanied by a reduction in BP and HbA1c levels, being more prominent in patients with a single pathology, especially hypertensive patients. Conclusions: Training of patients was beneficial to prevent the deterioration of renal function, by means of the reduction of the BP and HbA1c. It was more evident in those who started from a worse control of both parameters. Association of renal function evolution with HT and DM2 was demonstrated (AU)

[Impact of training in patients with diabetes and/or hypertension for the prevention of renal and cardiovascular disease in primary care]. / Impacto de la formación en pacientes con diabetes y/o hipertensión para la prevención de la enfermedad renal y cardiovascular en el ámbito de Atención Primaria.

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease has increased globally (8-16%), mainly due to the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and hypertension (HT). Education or training programs for patients with chronic diseases is considered a fundamental tool to prevent their worsening. OBJECTIVES: (1) To determine whether attendance at training for patients with HT and/or diabetes affects the progression of the deterioration of renal function. (2) To assess the association of renal function with HT, DM2 and the occurrence of cardiovascular events, analyzing the influence of the control degree of blood pressure (BP) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). (3) To study the occurrence of cardiovascular events. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective analytical observational cohort study carried out in a Primary Care Center in Leganés, Madrid, using databases of patients with HT, diabetes and both pathologies simultaneously (n = 200), attending or not to the training of the medical team during the years 2017-2019. RESULTS: 120 of 200 patients received training (60% women). Only in these patients, an improvement of renal function was observed. This was accompanied by a reduction in BP and HbA1c levels, being more prominent in patients with a single pathology, especially hypertensive patients. CONCLUSIONS: Training of patients was beneficial to prevent the deterioration of renal function, by means of the reduction of the BP and HbA1c. It was more evident in those who started from a worse control of both parameters. Association of renal function evolution with HT and DM2 was demonstrated.